新しいドメインを取得したのでLet’s Encryptのワイルドカード証明書を発行してみました。
ACME v2 Production Environment & Wildcards
https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/acme-v2-production-environment-wildcards/55578
ワイルドカード証明書の発行にはDNS-01チャレンジが必要なのでドメインの権威DNSの設定が必要になります。
DNS-01 チャレンジ
https://letsencrypt.org/ja/docs/challenge-types/#dns-01-チャレンジ
ワイルドカード証明書を取得するためにはACMEクライアントが必要になります。
ACME Client Implementations
https://letsencrypt.org/docs/client-options/#acme-v2-compatible-clients
推奨はCertbot
環境
・CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
・Kernel 3.10.0-1160.6.1.el7.x86_64
- epel repositoryのインストール
- certbotのインストール
- 証明書の発行
certbotはepel repositoryに含まれていますのでepel-releaseをインストールします。
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# yum -y install epel-release |
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[root@centos7 ~]# yum info certbot Available Packages Name : certbot Arch : noarch Version : 1.9.0 Release : 1.el7 Size : 46 k Repo : epel/x86_64 Summary : A free, automated certificate authority client URL : https://pypi.python.org/pypi/certbot License : ASL 2.0 Description : certbot is a free, automated certificate authority that aims : to lower the barriers to entry for encrypting all HTTP traffic on the internet. [root@centos7 ~]# yum install certbot Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package certbot.noarch 0:1.9.0-1.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================ Installing: certbot noarch 1.9.0-1.el7 epel 46 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total download size: 46 k Installed size: 101 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: certbot-1.9.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 46 kB 00:00:01 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : certbot-1.9.0-1.el7.noarch 1/1 Verifying : certbot-1.9.0-1.el7.noarch 1/1 Installed: certbot.noarch 0:1.9.0-1.el7 Complete! [root@centos7 ~]# rpmquery --list certbot /etc/letsencrypt /etc/sysconfig/certbot /usr/bin/certbot /usr/bin/letsencrypt /usr/lib/systemd/system/certbot-renew.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/certbot-renew.timer /usr/share/doc/certbot-1.9.0 /usr/share/doc/certbot-1.9.0/CHANGELOG.md /usr/share/doc/certbot-1.9.0/README.fedora /usr/share/doc/certbot-1.9.0/README.rst /usr/share/licenses/certbot-1.9.0 /usr/share/licenses/certbot-1.9.0/LICENSE.txt /var/lib/letsencrypt |
certbotを使って証明書を発行します。
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[root@centos7 ~]# certbot certonly --manual --preferred-challenges dns -d *.example.co.jp -d example.co.jp -m info@example.co.jp --agree-tos Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log Plugins selected: Authenticator manual, Installer None Starting new HTTPS connection (1): acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org Obtaining a new certificate Performing the following challenges: dns-01 challenge for example.co.jp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - NOTE: The IP of this machine will be publicly logged as having requested this certificate. If you're running certbot in manual mode on a machine that is not your server, please ensure you're okay with that. Are you OK with your IP being logged? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (Y)es/(N)o: Y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Please deploy a DNS TXT record under the name _acme-challenge.example.co.jp with the following value: zaqxswcdevfrbgtnhymjukilop12345678901234567 Before continuing, verify the record is deployed. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Press Enter to Continue |
“Press Enter to Continue”で停止しています。
この後にexample.co.jpのDNSに下記のTXTレコードを追加します。
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_acme-challenge.example.co.jp IN TXT zaqxswcdevfrbgtnhymjukilop12345678901234567 |
ちなみにNOTE:のGoogle翻訳ですがIPが記録されると。(N)oを選択すると中止になります。
注: このマシンのIPは、この証明書を要求したことが公に記録されます。サーバー以外のマシンで手動モードで certbot を実行している場合は、それが問題ないことを確認してください。
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Are you OK with your IP being logged? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (Y)es/(N)o: N Cleaning up challenges Must agree to IP logging to proceed |
DNSの設定ができたら「Enter」で証明書発行に進みます。このあたりタイミングが微妙で2回ぐらい失敗しました。
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Waiting for verification... Cleaning up challenges IMPORTANT NOTES: - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.co.jp/fullchain.pem Your key file has been saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.co.jp/privkey.pem Your cert will expire on 2021-02-27. To obtain a new or tweaked version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run "certbot renew" - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by: Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le |
発行された証明書は/etc/letsencrypt/live/申請ドメイン/に保存されています。
有効期限は三ヵ月、証明書が無効になる前に更新作業が必要になりますが、DNSが動的更新に対応していないと手動になります。
certbot help
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[root@centos7 ~]# certbot -h all usage: certbot [SUBCOMMAND] [options] [-d DOMAIN] [-d DOMAIN] ... Certbot can obtain and install HTTPS/TLS/SSL certificates. By default, it will attempt to use a webserver both for obtaining and installing the certificate. The most common SUBCOMMANDS and flags are: obtain, install, and renew certificates: (default) run Obtain & install a certificate in your current webserver certonly Obtain or renew a certificate, but do not install it renew Renew all previously obtained certificates that are near expiry enhance Add security enhancements to your existing configuration -d DOMAINS Comma-separated list of domains to obtain a certificate for (the certbot apache plugin is not installed) --standalone Run a standalone webserver for authentication (the certbot nginx plugin is not installed) --webroot Place files in a server's webroot folder for authentication --manual Obtain certificates interactively, or using shell script hooks -n Run non-interactively --test-cert Obtain a test certificate from a staging server --dry-run Test "renew" or "certonly" without saving any certificates to disk manage certificates: certificates Display information about certificates you have from Certbot revoke Revoke a certificate (supply --cert-name or --cert-path) delete Delete a certificate (supply --cert-name) manage your account: register Create an ACME account unregister Deactivate an ACME account update_account Update an ACME account --agree-tos Agree to the ACME server's Subscriber Agreement -m EMAIL Email address for important account notifications optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -c CONFIG_FILE, --config CONFIG_FILE path to config file (default: /etc/letsencrypt/cli.ini and ~/.config/letsencrypt/cli.ini) -v, --verbose This flag can be used multiple times to incrementally increase the verbosity of output, e.g. -vvv. (default: -2) --max-log-backups MAX_LOG_BACKUPS Specifies the maximum number of backup logs that should be kept by Certbot's built in log rotation. Setting this flag to 0 disables log rotation entirely, causing Certbot to always append to the same log file. (default: 1000) -n, --non-interactive, --noninteractive Run without ever asking for user input. This may require additional command line flags; the client will try to explain which ones are required if it finds one missing (default: False) --force-interactive Force Certbot to be interactive even if it detects it's not being run in a terminal. This flag cannot be used with the renew subcommand. (default: False) -d DOMAIN, --domains DOMAIN, --domain DOMAIN Domain names to apply. For multiple domains you can use multiple -d flags or enter a comma separated list of domains as a parameter. The first domain provided will be the subject CN of the certificate, and all domains will be Subject Alternative Names on the certificate. The first domain will also be used in some software user interfaces and as the file paths for the certificate and related material unless otherwise specified or you already have a certificate with the same name. In the case of a name collision it will append a number like 0001 to the file path name. (default: Ask) --eab-kid EAB_KID Key Identifier for External Account Binding (default: None) --eab-hmac-key EAB_HMAC_KEY HMAC key for External Account Binding (default: None) --cert-name CERTNAME Certificate name to apply. This name is used by Certbot for housekeeping and in file paths; it doesn't affect the content of the certificate itself. To see certificate names, run 'certbot certificates'. When creating a new certificate, specifies the new certificate's name. (default: the first provided domain or the name of an existing certificate on your system for the same domains) --dry-run Perform a test run of the client, obtaining test (invalid) certificates but not saving them to disk. This can currently only be used with the 'certonly' and 'renew' subcommands. Note: Although --dry-run tries to avoid making any persistent changes on a system, it is not completely side-effect free: if used with webserver authenticator plugins like apache and nginx, it makes and then reverts temporary config changes in order to obtain test certificates, and reloads webservers to deploy and then roll back those changes. It also calls --pre-hook and --post-hook commands if they are defined because they may be necessary to accurately simulate renewal. --deploy- hook commands are not called. (default: False) --debug-challenges After setting up challenges, wait for user input before submitting to CA (default: False) --preferred-chain PREFERRED_CHAIN If the CA offers multiple certificate chains, prefer the chain with an issuer matching this Subject Common Name. If no match, the default offered chain will be used. (default: None) --preferred-challenges PREF_CHALLS A sorted, comma delimited list of the preferred challenge to use during authorization with the most preferred challenge listed first (Eg, "dns" or "http,dns"). Not all plugins support all challenges. See https://certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html#plugins for details. ACME Challenges are versioned, but if you pick "http" rather than "http-01", Certbot will select the latest version automatically. (default: []) --user-agent USER_AGENT Set a custom user agent string for the client. User agent strings allow the CA to collect high level statistics about success rates by OS, plugin and use case, and to know when to deprecate support for past Python versions and flags. If you wish to hide this information from the Let's Encrypt server, set this to "". (default: CertbotACMEClient/1.9.0 (certbot; CentOS Linux 7 (Core)) Authenticator/XXX Installer/YYY (SUBCOMMAND; flags: FLAGS) Py/2.7.5). The flags encoded in the user agent are: --duplicate, --force- renew, --allow-subset-of-names, -n, and whether any hooks are set. --user-agent-comment USER_AGENT_COMMENT Add a comment to the default user agent string. May be used when repackaging Certbot or calling it from another tool to allow additional statistical data to be collected. Ignored if --user-agent is set. (Example: Foo-Wrapper/1.0) (default: None) automation: Flags for automating execution & other tweaks --keep-until-expiring, --keep, --reinstall If the requested certificate matches an existing certificate, always keep the existing one until it is due for renewal (for the 'run' subcommand this means reinstall the existing certificate). (default: Ask) --expand If an existing certificate is a strict subset of the requested names, always expand and replace it with the additional names. (default: Ask) --version show program's version number and exit --force-renewal, --renew-by-default If a certificate already exists for the requested domains, renew it now, regardless of whether it is near expiry. (Often --keep-until-expiring is more appropriate). Also implies --expand. (default: False) --renew-with-new-domains If a certificate already exists for the requested certificate name but does not match the requested domains, renew it now, regardless of whether it is near expiry. (default: False) --reuse-key When renewing, use the same private key as the existing certificate. (default: False) --allow-subset-of-names When performing domain validation, do not consider it a failure if authorizations can not be obtained for a strict subset of the requested domains. This may be useful for allowing renewals for multiple domains to succeed even if some domains no longer point at this system. This option cannot be used with --csr. (default: False) --agree-tos Agree to the ACME Subscriber Agreement (default: Ask) --duplicate Allow making a certificate lineage that duplicates an existing one (both can be renewed in parallel) (default: False) --os-packages-only (certbot-auto only) install OS package dependencies and then stop (default: False) --no-self-upgrade (certbot-auto only) prevent the certbot-auto script from upgrading itself to newer released versions (default: Upgrade automatically) --no-bootstrap (certbot-auto only) prevent the certbot-auto script from installing OS-level dependencies (default: Prompt to install OS-wide dependencies, but exit if the user says 'No') --no-permissions-check (certbot-auto only) skip the check on the file system permissions of the certbot-auto script (default: False) -q, --quiet Silence all output except errors. Useful for automation via cron. Implies --non-interactive. (default: False) security: Security parameters & server settings --rsa-key-size N Size of the RSA key. (default: 2048) --must-staple Adds the OCSP Must Staple extension to the certificate. Autoconfigures OCSP Stapling for supported setups (Apache version >= 2.3.3 ). (default: False) --redirect Automatically redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS for the newly authenticated vhost. (default: redirect enabled for install and run, disabled for enhance) --no-redirect Do not automatically redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS for the newly authenticated vhost. (default: redirect enabled for install and run, disabled for enhance) --hsts Add the Strict-Transport-Security header to every HTTP response. Forcing browser to always use SSL for the domain. Defends against SSL Stripping. (default: None) --uir Add the "Content-Security-Policy: upgrade-insecure- requests" header to every HTTP response. Forcing the browser to use https:// for every http:// resource. (default: None) --staple-ocsp Enables OCSP Stapling. A valid OCSP response is stapled to the certificate that the server offers during TLS. (default: None) --strict-permissions Require that all configuration files are owned by the current user; only needed if your config is somewhere unsafe like /tmp/ (default: False) --auto-hsts Gradually increasing max-age value for HTTP Strict Transport Security security header (default: False) testing: The following flags are meant for testing and integration purposes only. --test-cert, --staging Use the staging server to obtain or revoke test (invalid) certificates; equivalent to --server https ://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory (default: False) --debug Show tracebacks in case of errors, and allow certbot- auto execution on experimental platforms (default: False) --no-verify-ssl Disable verification of the ACME server's certificate. (default: False) --http-01-port HTTP01_PORT Port used in the http-01 challenge. This only affects the port Certbot listens on. A conforming ACME server will still attempt to connect on port 80. (default: 80) --http-01-address HTTP01_ADDRESS The address the server listens to during http-01 challenge. (default: ) --https-port HTTPS_PORT Port used to serve HTTPS. This affects which port Nginx will listen on after a LE certificate is installed. (default: 443) --break-my-certs Be willing to replace or renew valid certificates with invalid (testing/staging) certificates (default: False) paths: Flags for changing execution paths & servers --cert-path CERT_PATH Path to where certificate is saved (with auth --csr), installed from, or revoked. (default: None) --key-path KEY_PATH Path to private key for certificate installation or revocation (if account key is missing) (default: None) --fullchain-path FULLCHAIN_PATH Accompanying path to a full certificate chain (certificate plus chain). (default: None) --chain-path CHAIN_PATH Accompanying path to a certificate chain. (default: None) --config-dir CONFIG_DIR Configuration directory. (default: /etc/letsencrypt) --work-dir WORK_DIR Working directory. (default: /var/lib/letsencrypt) --logs-dir LOGS_DIR Logs directory. (default: /var/log/letsencrypt) --server SERVER ACME Directory Resource URI. (default: https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory) manage: Various subcommands and flags are available for managing your certificates: certificates List certificates managed by Certbot delete Clean up all files related to a certificate renew Renew all certificates (or one specified with --cert- name) revoke Revoke a certificate specified with --cert-path or --cert-name update_symlinks Recreate symlinks in your /etc/letsencrypt/live/ directory run: Options for obtaining & installing certificates certonly: Options for modifying how a certificate is obtained --csr CSR Path to a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) in DER or PEM format. Currently --csr only works with the 'certonly' subcommand. (default: None) renew: The 'renew' subcommand will attempt to renew all certificates (or more precisely, certificate lineages) you have previously obtained if they are close to expiry, and print a summary of the results. By default, 'renew' will reuse the options used to create obtain or most recently successfully renew each certificate lineage. You can try it with `--dry-run` first. For more fine-grained control, you can renew individual lineages with the `certonly` subcommand. Hooks are available to run commands before and after renewal; see https://certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html#renewal for more information on these. --pre-hook PRE_HOOK Command to be run in a shell before obtaining any certificates. Intended primarily for renewal, where it can be used to temporarily shut down a webserver that might conflict with the standalone plugin. This will only be called if a certificate is actually to be obtained/renewed. When renewing several certificates that have identical pre-hooks, only the first will be executed. (default: None) --post-hook POST_HOOK Command to be run in a shell after attempting to obtain/renew certificates. Can be used to deploy renewed certificates, or to restart any servers that were stopped by --pre-hook. This is only run if an attempt was made to obtain/renew a certificate. If multiple renewed certificates have identical post- hooks, only one will be run. (default: None) --deploy-hook DEPLOY_HOOK Command to be run in a shell once for each successfully issued certificate. For this command, the shell variable $RENEWED_LINEAGE will point to the config live subdirectory (for example, "/etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com") containing the new certificates and keys; the shell variable $RENEWED_DOMAINS will contain a space-delimited list of renewed certificate domains (for example, "example.com www.example.com" (default: None) --disable-hook-validation Ordinarily the commands specified for --pre-hook /--post-hook/--deploy-hook will be checked for validity, to see if the programs being run are in the $PATH, so that mistakes can be caught early, even when the hooks aren't being run just yet. The validation is rather simplistic and fails if you use more advanced shell constructs, so you can use this switch to disable it. (default: False) --no-directory-hooks Disable running executables found in Certbot's hook directories during renewal. (default: False) --disable-renew-updates Disable automatic updates to your server configuration that would otherwise be done by the selected installer plugin, and triggered when the user executes "certbot renew", regardless of if the certificate is renewed. This setting does not apply to important TLS configuration updates. (default: False) --no-autorenew Disable auto renewal of certificates. (default: True) certificates: List certificates managed by Certbot delete: Options for deleting a certificate revoke: Options for revocation of certificates --reason {unspecified,keycompromise,affiliationchanged,superseded,cessationofoperation} Specify reason for revoking certificate. (default: unspecified) --delete-after-revoke Delete certificates after revoking them, along with all previous and later versions of those certificates. (default: None) --no-delete-after-revoke Do not delete certificates after revoking them. This option should be used with caution because the 'renew' subcommand will attempt to renew undeleted revoked certificates. (default: None) register: Options for account registration --register-unsafely-without-email Specifying this flag enables registering an account with no email address. This is strongly discouraged, because you will be unable to receive notice about impending expiration or revocation of your certificates or problems with your Certbot installation that will lead to failure to renew. (default: False) -m EMAIL, --email EMAIL Email used for registration and recovery contact. Use comma to register multiple emails, ex: u1@example.com,u2@example.com. (default: Ask). --eff-email Share your e-mail address with EFF (default: None) --no-eff-email Don't share your e-mail address with EFF (default: None) update_account: Options for account modification unregister: Options for account deactivation. --account ACCOUNT_ID Account ID to use (default: None) install: Options for modifying how a certificate is deployed rollback: Options for rolling back server configuration changes --checkpoints N Revert configuration N number of checkpoints. (default: 1) plugins: Options for the "plugins" subcommand --init Initialize plugins. (default: False) --prepare Initialize and prepare plugins. (default: False) --authenticators Limit to authenticator plugins only. (default: None) --installers Limit to installer plugins only. (default: None) update_symlinks: Recreates certificate and key symlinks in /etc/letsencrypt/live, if you changed them by hand or edited a renewal configuration file enhance: Helps to harden the TLS configuration by adding security enhancements to already existing configuration. plugins: Plugin Selection: Certbot client supports an extensible plugins architecture. See 'certbot plugins' for a list of all installed plugins and their names. You can force a particular plugin by setting options provided below. Running --help <plugin_name> will list flags specific to that plugin. --configurator CONFIGURATOR Name of the plugin that is both an authenticator and an installer. Should not be used together with --authenticator or --installer. (default: Ask) -a AUTHENTICATOR, --authenticator AUTHENTICATOR Authenticator plugin name. (default: None) -i INSTALLER, --installer INSTALLER Installer plugin name (also used to find domains). (default: None) --apache Obtain and install certificates using Apache (default: False) --nginx Obtain and install certificates using Nginx (default: False) --standalone Obtain certificates using a "standalone" webserver. (default: False) --manual Provide laborious manual instructions for obtaining a certificate (default: False) --webroot Obtain certificates by placing files in a webroot directory. (default: False) --dns-cloudflare Obtain certificates using a DNS TXT record (if you are using Cloudflare for DNS). (default: False) --dns-cloudxns Obtain certificates using a DNS TXT record (if you are using CloudXNS for DNS). (default: False) --dns-digitalocean Obtain certificates using a DNS TXT record (if you are using DigitalOcean for DNS). (default: False) --dns-dnsimple Obtain certificates using a DNS TXT record (if you are using DNSimple for DNS). (default: False) --dns-dnsmadeeasy Obtain certificates using a DNS TXT record (if you are using DNS Made Easy for DNS). (default: False) --dns-gehirn Obtain certificates using a DNS TXT record (if you are using Gehirn Infrastructure Service for DNS). (default: False) --dns-google Obtain certificates using a DNS TXT record (if you are using Google Cloud DNS). (default: False) --dns-linode Obtain certificates using a DNS TXT record (if you are using Linode for DNS). (default: False) --dns-luadns Obtain certificates using a DNS TXT record (if you are using LuaDNS for DNS). (default: False) --dns-nsone Obtain certificates using a DNS TXT record (if you are using NS1 for DNS). (default: False) --dns-ovh Obtain certificates using a DNS TXT record (if you are using OVH for DNS). (default: False) --dns-rfc2136 Obtain certificates using a DNS TXT record (if you are using BIND for DNS). (default: False) --dns-route53 Obtain certificates using a DNS TXT record (if you are using Route53 for DNS). (default: False) --dns-sakuracloud Obtain certificates using a DNS TXT record (if you are using Sakura Cloud for DNS). (default: False) manual: Authenticate through manual configuration or custom shell scripts. When using shell scripts, an authenticator script must be provided. The environment variables available to this script depend on the type of challenge. $CERTBOT_DOMAIN will always contain the domain being authenticated. For HTTP-01 and DNS-01, $CERTBOT_VALIDATION is the validation string, and $CERTBOT_TOKEN is the filename of the resource requested when performing an HTTP-01 challenge. An additional cleanup script can also be provided and can use the additional variable $CERTBOT_AUTH_OUTPUT which contains the stdout output from the auth script. For both authenticator and cleanup script, on HTTP-01 and DNS-01 challenges, $CERTBOT_REMAINING_CHALLENGES will be equal to the number of challenges that remain after the current one, and $CERTBOT_ALL_DOMAINS contains a comma-separated list of all domains that are challenged for the current certificate. --manual-auth-hook MANUAL_AUTH_HOOK Path or command to execute for the authentication script (default: None) --manual-cleanup-hook MANUAL_CLEANUP_HOOK Path or command to execute for the cleanup script (default: None) --manual-public-ip-logging-ok Automatically allows public IP logging (default: Ask) null: Null Installer standalone: Spin up a temporary webserver webroot: Place files in webroot directory --webroot-path WEBROOT_PATH, -w WEBROOT_PATH public_html / webroot path. This can be specified multiple times to handle different domains; each domain will have the webroot path that preceded it. For instance: `-w /var/www/example -d example.com -d www.example.com -w /var/www/thing -d thing.net -d m.thing.net` (default: Ask) --webroot-map WEBROOT_MAP JSON dictionary mapping domains to webroot paths; this implies -d for each entry. You may need to escape this from your shell. E.g.: --webroot-map '{"eg1.is,m.eg1.is":"/www/eg1/", "eg2.is":"/www/eg2"}' This option is merged with, but takes precedence over, -w / -d entries. At present, if you put webroot-map in a config file, it needs to be on a single line, like: webroot-map = {"example.com":"/var/www"}. (default: {}) |