Logical Volume Manager(LVM)でパーティション拡張

論理ボリュームマネージャ(Logical Volume Manager、LVM）で構成されたVirtual Machineのパーティションを拡張してみました

仮想マシンの仮想ハードウェア構成は柔軟に変更でき仮想化のメリットの一つです
今回事前に用意されていたRHELのVMテンプレートで作成したのですが、HDDが45GBでした
これではさすがに少ないのでVHDを45GBから100GBに拡張しました

これ自体は仮想環境の管理ツールで簡単に拡張できますが、実際にOSに認識させるまでの手順をメモとして残します

参考にしたサイトです。すごく分かりやすかったです
Linux技術トレーニング　基本管理コース II
https://users.miraclelinux.com/technet/document/linux/training/2_2_3.html#training2_2_3

Linux サーバ構築 ( Fedora Core5 ) – LVM
http://www.systemo.net/fc5-12-lvm-extend.html

なおこの方法はかなり危険と思われます。あくまでも自己責任でお願い致しますm(__)m

VHDを45GBから100GBに拡張した状態。リモート作業だったためにLevel3で行いましたがコンソールが利用できるならシングルユーザモードが安全だと思います

1. fdiskで物理ボリュームの拡張

fdiskで物理ボリュームの拡張を行います

Shell

[root@host01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00055837 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 32 256000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 32 5875 46928896 8e Linux LVM

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[root@host01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to          switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to          sectors (command 'u').   Command (m for help): m Command action    a   toggle a bootable flag    b   edit bsd disklabel    c   toggle the dos compatibility flag    d   delete a partition    l   list known partition types    m   print this menu    n   add a new partition    o   create a new empty DOS partition table    p   print the partition table    q   quit without saving changes    s   create a new empty Sun disklabel    t   change a partition's system id    u   change display/entry units    v   verify the partition table    w   write table to disk and exit    x   extra functionality (experts only)   Command (m for help): p   Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00055837      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System /dev/sda1   *           1          32      256000   83  Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2              32        5875    46928896   8e  Linux LVM

Partition 2を削除

Shell

Command (m for help): d Partition number (1-4): 2

1 2	Command (m for help): d Partition number (1-4): 2

Partition 2を作成(領域を最大まで拡張します)

Shell

Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) P Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (32-13054, default 32): Using default value 32 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (32-13054, default 13054): Using default value 13054 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00055837 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 32 256000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 32 13054 104599231 83 Linux

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Command (m for help): n Command action    e   extended    p   primary partition (1-4) P   Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (32-13054, default 32): Using default value 32 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (32-13054, default 13054): Using default value 13054   Command (m for help): p   Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00055837      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System /dev/sda1   *           1          32      256000   83  Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2              32       13054   104599231   83  Linux

IDを83から8eに変更

Shell

Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-4): 2 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)

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Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-4): 2 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)

パーティション情報書き込み

Shell

Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.

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Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered!   Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.   WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.

確認

Shell

[root@host01 ~]# fdisk -ul /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders, total 209715200 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00055837 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 514047 256000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 514048 209712509 104599231 8e Linux LVM

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[root@host01 ~]# fdisk -ul /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders, total 209715200 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00055837      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System /dev/sda1   *        2048      514047      256000   83  Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2          514048   209712509   104599231   8e  Linux LVM

再起動で起動できればここまではOKです

2. pvresizeでFree領域を拡張
Shell

[root@host01 ~]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name VolGroup00 PV Size 44.75 GiB / not usable 5.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 32.00 MiB Total PE 1432 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 1432 PV UUID g1dJfi-EQJ6-cARf-MWyF-h3K4-f04H-xxxxxxx [root@host01 ~]# pvresize /dev/sda2 Physical volume "/dev/sda2" changed 1 physical volume(s) resized / 0 physical volume(s) not resized [root@host01 ~]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name VolGroup00 PV Size 99.75 GiB / not usable 2.69 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 32.00 MiB Total PE 3192 Free PE 1760 Allocated PE 1432 PV UUID g1dJfi-EQJ6-cARf-MWyF-h3K4-f04H-xxxxx [root@host01 ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name VolGroup00 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 5df VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 3 Open LV 3 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 99.75 GiB PE Size 32.00 MiB Total PE 3192 Alloc PE / Size 1432 / 44.75 GiB Free PE / Size 1760 / 55.00 GiB VG UUID TljY5H-ywFf-3l9n-y3V2-8lQf-NPYW-xxxxx [root@host01 ~]# parted -l Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 263MB 262MB primary ext4 boot 2 263MB 107GB 107GB primary lvm Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01: 10.7GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: loop Number Start End Size File system Flags 1 0.00B 10.7GB 10.7GB ext4 Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol02: 28.7GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: loop Number Start End Size File system Flags 1 0.00B 28.7GB 28.7GB ext4 Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00: 8590MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: loop Number Start End Size File system Flags 1 0.00B 8590MB 8590MB linux-swap(v1)

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[root@host01 ~]# pvdisplay   --- Physical volume ---   PV Name               /dev/sda2   VG Name               VolGroup00   PV Size               44.75 GiB / not usable 5.00 MiB   Allocatable           yes (but full)   PE Size               32.00 MiB   Total PE              1432   Free PE               0   Allocated PE          1432   PV UUID               g1dJfi-EQJ6-cARf-MWyF-h3K4-f04H-xxxxxxx   [root@host01 ~]# pvresize /dev/sda2   Physical volume "/dev/sda2" changed   1 physical volume(s) resized / 0 physical volume(s) not resized   [root@host01 ~]# pvdisplay   --- Physical volume ---   PV Name               /dev/sda2   VG Name               VolGroup00   PV Size               99.75 GiB / not usable 2.69 MiB   Allocatable           yes   PE Size               32.00 MiB   Total PE              3192   Free PE               1760   Allocated PE          1432   PV UUID               g1dJfi-EQJ6-cARf-MWyF-h3K4-f04H-xxxxx   [root@host01 ~]# vgdisplay   --- Volume group ---   VG Name               VolGroup00   System ID   Format                lvm2   Metadata Areas        1   Metadata Sequence No  5df   VG Access             read/write   VG Status             resizable   MAX LV                0   Cur LV                3   Open LV               3   Max PV                0   Cur PV                1   Act PV                1   VG Size               99.75 GiB   PE Size               32.00 MiB   Total PE              3192   Alloc PE / Size       1432 / 44.75 GiB   Free  PE / Size       1760 / 55.00 GiB   VG UUID               TljY5H-ywFf-3l9n-y3V2-8lQf-NPYW-xxxxx   [root@host01 ~]# parted -l Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos   Number  Start   End    Size   Type     File system  Flags 1      1049kB  263MB  262MB  primary  ext4         boot 2      263MB   107GB  107GB  primary               lvm   Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01: 10.7GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: loop   Number  Start  End     Size    File system  Flags 1      0.00B  10.7GB  10.7GB  ext4   Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol02: 28.7GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: loop   Number  Start  End     Size    File system  Flags 1      0.00B  28.7GB  28.7GB  ext4   Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00: 8590MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: loop   Number  Start  End     Size    File system     Flags 1      0.00B  8590MB  8590MB  linux-swap(v1)

3. lvextendで論理ボリュームの拡張

/パーティションの27GBを50GBに拡張します

Shell

[root@host01 ~]# lvextend -L50G /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol02 Extending logical volume LogVol02 to 50.00 GiB Logical volume LogVol02 successfully resized

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[root@host01 ~]# lvextend -L50G /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol02   Extending logical volume LogVol02 to 50.00 GiB   Logical volume LogVol02 successfully resized

/varのパーティション9.9GBに残り空き容量すべてを追加します

Shell

[root@host01 ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 Extending logical volume LogVol01 to 41.75 GiB Logical volume LogVol01 successfully resized

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[root@host01 ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01   Extending logical volume LogVol01 to 41.75 GiB   Logical volume LogVol01 successfully resized

4. resize2fsでファイルシステムの拡張

ここまで作業してもまだファイルシステムは拡張していません

Shell

[root@host01 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol02 27G 6.0G 20G 24% / tmpfs 1004M 0 1004M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 243M 72M 158M 32% /boot /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01 9.9G 515M 8.9G 6% /var

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[root@host01 ~]# df -h Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol02                        27G  6.0G   20G  24% / tmpfs                1004M     0 1004M   0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1             243M   72M  158M  32% /boot /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01                       9.9G  515M  8.9G   6% /var

拡張します

Shell

[root@host01 ~]# resize2fs -p /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 is mounted on /var; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 3 Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 to 10944512 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 is now 10944512 blocks long.

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[root@host01 ~]# resize2fs -p /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 is mounted on /var; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 3 Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 to 10944512 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 is now 10944512 blocks long.

Shell

[root@host01 ~]# resize2fs -p /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol02 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol02 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 4 Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol02 to 13107200 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol02 is now 13107200 blocks long.

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[root@host01 ~]# resize2fs -p /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol02 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol02 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 4 Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol02 to 13107200 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol02 is now 13107200 blocks long.

5. 確認

パーティションを確認します

Shell

[root@host01 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol02 50G 6.0G 41G 13% / tmpfs 1004M 0 1004M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 243M 72M 158M 32% /boot /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01 42G 522M 39G 2% /var

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[root@host01 ~]# df -h Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol02                        50G  6.0G   41G  13% / tmpfs                1004M     0 1004M   0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1             243M   72M  158M  32% /boot /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01                        42G  522M   39G   2% /var

Shell

[root@host01 ~]# parted -l Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 263MB 262MB primary ext4 boot 2 263MB 107GB 107GB primary lvm Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01: 44.8GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: loop Number Start End Size File system Flags 1 0.00B 44.8GB 44.8GB ext4 Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol02: 53.7GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: loop Number Start End Size File system Flags 1 0.00B 53.7GB 53.7GB ext4 Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00: 8590MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: loop Number Start End Size File system Flags 1 0.00B 8590MB 8590MB linux-swap(v1)

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[root@host01 ~]# parted -l Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 107GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos   Number  Start   End    Size   Type     File system  Flags 1      1049kB  263MB  262MB  primary  ext4         boot 2      263MB   107GB  107GB  primary               lvm   Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01: 44.8GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: loop   Number  Start  End     Size    File system  Flags 1      0.00B  44.8GB  44.8GB  ext4   Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol02: 53.7GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: loop   Number  Start  End     Size    File system  Flags 1      0.00B  53.7GB  53.7GB  ext4   Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00: 8590MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: loop   Number  Start  End     Size    File system     Flags 1      0.00B  8590MB  8590MB  linux-swap(v1)

LVMで柔軟なパーティション構成の変更ができるのは有り難いですが、一歩間違うとデータが吹っ飛ぶ可能性もあるので細心の注意が必要ですね